When Sophie reads her history assignments, she goes over them very carefully and tries to memorize each fact. Emma, on the other hand, studies by trying to relate the new information to things she has experienced, been told about by others, or seen in movies and on television. Emma's performance on history tests will probably be better than Sophie's due to differences in

Learning is improved when information is processed on different levels (structure, phonology, semantics). Processing at the semantic level (what does it mean) will result in deeper learning.