Experimental Design and Interpreting Data Question 4

The table below provides a comparison of nitrogenous waste production in selected organisms.

Which of the following statements is most consistent with the data in the table?

In response to the hypotonic environment in which freshwater fish live, they excrete ammonia in concentrated urine or across their gills.

The kidneys of reptiles and birds are highly efficient because little water is needed to excrete uric acid.

Birds excrete ammonia in addition to uric acid, and the ratio of the two substances is independent of whether the birds are primarily terrestrial or aquatic species.

The similar regulation of extracellular fluid volume and composition in all the organisms suggests conservation of kidney structure throughout evolution.